Editing Gnoll (section)

==Gender Roles==
Gnolls have had an erratic, shifting field of lore when it comes to gender roles.

To begin with, in AD&D, they were given the same "abusively patriarchal" fluff as just about every other evil tribal humanoid race ([[orc]]s, [[goblin]]s, etc) - which, as anyone who's read up on hyenas knows, is bollocks; spotted hyenas are ''abusively matriarchal'', the other pack species being more egalitarian. This was impolitely pointed out to the designers by the autists in rec.games.frp.dnd throughout the 1990s.

In 3rd edition, the topic wasn't really mentioned, until the Monster Manual IV presented a far more in-depth approach to gnollish ecology and society. This source stated that gnolls are actually matriarchal, and that the pack is always ruled by an alpha female. Rank is still based on the principle of "might makes right", and males can hold any high rank that isn't absolute ruler, but males will usually face more frequent challenges, and females are physically superior - averaging about half a foot in height and fifty pounds in weight on their menfolk.

4th edition states that gnolls are matrilinear (descent is traced through the mother), but egalitarian; males and females do just about everything the same, and leadership depends on strength rather than what's between their legs. That said, it also notes that in many clans, female gnolls are the larger gender, which gives an inferral that many clans function in an incidental matriarchal fashion by simple "rule of might". In fact, the entry, given its distinctive title of "Gender Issues", reads as follows:
::''The physical build of a female gnoll is almost identical to that of its male counterpart, and in many clans the females are larger than the males. As a rule, it is difficult for a member of another race to tell the gender of a gnoll unless it’s pregnant or actively nursing. Females and males are equally aggressive, and both males and females actively take part in hunting. Although the leader of the clan is typically the strongest gnoll (male or female), lineage is usually traced through the mother. Because of the difficulty involved in identifying the gender of a gnoll, there are folktales based around the idea that gnolls are hermaphrodites or can change their gender; however, neither of these things are true.''

Weirdly, Pathfinder has flip-flopped on the issue, despite changing the gnoll's primary religion from [[Yeenoghu]] to [[Lamashtu]] (largely due to the fact that the former is exclusive intellectual property of WoTC.) In the early sourcebook "Classic Monsters Revisited", gnolls are very much patriarchal; a female gnoll who fails to become either a mother or a cleric of Lamashtu by age 15 is eaten, whilst all a male gnoll has to do to prove worthy of life is to have brought back at least 20 pounds of meat by the age of 12. Whilst sexually desirable (to other gnolls), Lamashtu clerics are also politically inferior to the (male-exclusive) shamans. Then, in the later "Monster Codex", we're told that gnolls are matriarchal, in no small part because their larger stature and greater aggression & cunning gives them an edge in their cutthroat might-makes-right culture; this is seen as proof of Lamashtu's blessing of the gnoll race.

This decision to support gnollish matriarchy was reaffirmed with the Lost Omens: Mwangi Expanse [[splatbook]] for 2e. Here, it's stated that the gnoll races of the Expanse, regardless of subrace, all have notably larger females (averaging about a head taller) and a "realistic [[Amazon]]" type matriarchal culture: women are the hunters, warriors and leaders, whilst men are the artisans, caretakers and gatherers. However, either gender can become a bonekeeper or a storyteller, and the book also hedges its bets by noting that adherence to these gender roles varies from clan to clan.